Literature Review #3

1.

2. Astin, A. W. (1984). Student Involvement: A developmental theory for higher education. Journal

of College Student Personnel, 25(4), 518-529.

3. This paper talks a lot about Student Involvement Theory, how different factors affect student involvement in a university, mainly their chance of getting involved. A lot of factors are discussed including administrative input factors, student effort factors, and environmental factors such as student living. This paper equated involvement to retention, and goes through the steps as to why it makes this distinction.

4. Dr. Alexander Astin is a distinguished figure in higher education, as the founder of the Higher Education Research Institute at UCLA and the Cooperative Institutional Research Program. Dr. Astin has also won the Allan M. Cartter Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Higher Education and Organizational Change at UCLA.

5. Student Involvement: the amount of physical and psychological energy that the student devotes to the academic experience

6. "It is obvious that students who live in residence halls have more time and opportunity to get involved in all aspects of campus life. Indeed, simply by eating, sleeping, and spending their waking hours one the college campus, residential students have a better chance than do commuter students of developing a strong identification and attachment to undergraduate life" (523).

"Although it may seem that working while attending college takes time and energy away from academic pursuits, part-time employment in an on-campus job actually facilitates retention" (523).

"Residents are more likely than commuters to achieve in such extracurricular areas as leadership and athletics and to express satisfaction with their undergraduate experience, particularly in the areas of student friendships, faculty-student relations, institutional reputation, and social life" (525).

7. This paper talks a lot about the Theory of Student Involvement, which will help me relate my empirical findings and other studies to a more theoretical argument. Student involvement plays a large part in the experience of students on and off campus, and although there is a link to an increase in experience and interaction for on campus students compared to off campus, there is no link in difference between retention rate or academic performance.

Research Blog #5: Bibliography

Working Bibliography

Astin, A. W. (1984). Student Involvement: A developmental theory for higher education. Journal

of College Student Personnel, 25(4), 297-308.

Balfour, Denise S. (2013). The Relationship Between Living Arrangement, Academic

Performance, and Engagement Among First-Year College Students, 1-89. Print.

Blimling, G. S. (1989). A meta-analysis of the influence of college residence halls on academic

performance. Journal of College Student Development, 30(4), 551-561.

Chickering, Arthur W. Commuting Versus Resident Students: [overcoming the Educational

Inequities of Living Off Campus]. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1974. Print.

Gianoutsos, D., and Vicki Rosser. “Is There Still A Considerable Difference? Comparing

Residential And Commuter Student Profile Characteristics.” College Student Journal

48.4 (2014): 613-628. Academic Search Premier. Web. 16 Oct. 2016.

Newbold, John J. "Lifestyle Challenges For Commuter Students." New Directions For Student

Services 2015.150 (2015): 79-86. Academic Search Premier. Web. 11 Oct. 2016.

Schudde, LT. "The Causal Effect Of Campus Residency On College Student Retention." Review

Of Higher Education 34.4 (n.d.): 581-610. Social Sciences Citation Index. Web. 4 Oct.

2016.

Turley, RNL, and G Wodtke. "College Residence And Academic Performance: Who Benefits

From Living On Campus?." Urban Education 45.4 (n.d.): 506-532. Social Sciences

Citation Index. Web. 4 Oct. 2016.

Yongyi, Wang, et al. "The Influence Of Residence Hall Community On Academic Success Of

Male And Female Undergraduate Students." Journal Of College & University Student

Housing 33.1 (2004): 16-22. Academic Search Premier. Web. 4 Oct. 2016.

Literature Review #2

1)

2) Blimling, G. S. (1989). A meta-analysis of the influence of college residence halls on academic

performance. Journal of College Student Development, 30(4), 551-561.

3) This journal article discusses how residence halls have affected student performance, compared to students who live at home, in the 1970s through empirical research performed by a studies analyzed by Dr. Blimling. Dr. Blimling looked at 21 different university studies and compared their results and findings with one another to see the gaps in their research and also, what the implicit results were of each category. Overall, Dr. Blimling found no criminalizing evidence to support the claim that on campus residence halls directly affect positive academic performance compared to students that live at home.

4) Dr. Gregory Blimling is a Professor at Rutgers University New Brunswick for the Graduate School of Education. He has been a student affairs administrator for 36 years and a university vice president for 22 years. Dr. Blimling was Vice President for Student Affairs here at Rutgers for eight years, and during that time, he co-developed the student affairs program for graduate students in the GSE. 

5) Residential experience: the influence of life in a college residence hall on the academic performance of undergraduate college students in the United States (551).

6) "The weighted Z for the combined probabliliy levels was not significant, demonstrating that when initial difference are controlled, the academic performance of residence hall students and students living at home do not differ significantly" (557).

"A closer examination of the studies, however, suggests that the later assertion is inaccurate. When only studies that controlled for differences in past academic performance were used, the reviewed research does not show that living in a conventional residence hall significantly influences academic performance over living at home" (559).

"But, for residence halls generally, the best assessment may be that they do not exert a major influence on students' academic performance compared with living at home. Other factors, such as past academic performance, motivation, and curriculum, may be the dominant and controlling factors" (560).

7) This study helped me to continue my assumptions that there actually is not a huge effect on academic performance when students live off or on campus. I have slowly discovered that other factors play a role in the empirical evidence of the effect of living at a university and this meta-analysis performed by Dr. Blimling on these 21 studies have found the same results, that there is not a huge difference.

Literature Review #1

(2)  Newbold, John J. "Lifestyle Challenges For Commuter Students." New Directions For Student Services 2015.150 (2015): 79-86. Academic Search Premier. Web. 11 Oct. 2016.

(3)    This reading discusses the stress factors involved in commuting to campus rather than being a residential student and the many coping mechanisms that they may use to deal with that. At first, I was looking at Chickering’s piece on commuting students, but because his book was published 40 years ago, I thought that his reasoning’s or theories might not be as relevant to students today.  This piece describes how commuters see stressful experiences differently than on campus residents, which brings up the interesting point of the mindsets of the two types of students.

(4)    The author for this paper is Dr. John J. Newbold, who is a marketing professor at Sam Houston University in Tennessee. He has written many papers on off campus living and the struggles of students who do so, including Using marketing to understand the needs of non-traditional students, “A comparative study between non-traditional students in terms of their demographics, attitudes, behaviors and educational performance, and Commuter Students: Involvement and Identification with an institution of higher education. John J Newbold also has an MBA in quantitative methods, which helps with his research.

(5)    There are many key terms described in this piece that I may use within my paper. One of the key terms that are mentioned is stressor. Stressor, in the papers, is defined as any activity, person, etc. that causes emotional anxiety or stress on an individual (commuter). The stressors that are mentioned include family, friends, work, environmental factors and adjustment to the commuter lifestyle. Another key term described in this paper is interrelationship, which was used to describe the different factors in a commuter’s life interacting with one another. The many stresses in a commuter’s life are interrelated in a way that calls for perfect time management, which is hard to achieve for some.

(6)      “The size of the commuter/ nontraditional student population has been on the increase (Newbold et al., 2010). Between 1996 and 2006, the number of these undergraduate college students increased at a rate of 30% to 50% (Bye, Pushkar, & Conway, 2007)." Page 80

“Academic stresses for commuter students include being capable of coping at a higher education level, time management, and study skills with additional concerns centered on coping with existing responsibilities and with the added study tasks (Barron & D’Annunzio-Green, 2009).” Page 81

“A few of the numerous difficulties commuter students face include academic responsibility, family obligations, work, maintaining personal relationships, time management, financial obligations, and becoming acclimated to the university environment (Negga et al., 2007). It has been suggested that, even though commuter students are more apt to work full-time, they are not as stressed by working, commuting, or time limitations because they have more experience at time management (Lundberg, 2003).” Page 81

“Students who look positively on the openness of administration tend to be more satisfied with the campus environment (Nicolson & Bess, 1997). Commuter students have stronger relationships with administrators and place a greater value on faculty interaction than their non-commuting equivalents (Newbold et al., 2010).” Page 84

(7)    This paper helps me to explore my topic of the reasons and effects of commuting versus residential living because it focuses on what the psychological outcomes are of commuting and what the experiences of commuting look like to college students. A lot of the papers I have read so far focus solely on the benefits of living on campus, so this paper will definitely help me to delve into the off campus student instead.

Research Blog #3: Initial Academic Research Bibliography

These scholarly articles have helped steer me away from socioeconomic status affecting living on versus off campus, and now I am more focused on how students living on versus off campus affect their academic success and retention rate. I think this will give me more to talk about with my paper.

Schudde, LT. "The Causal Effect Of Campus Residency On College Student Retention." Review Of Higher Education 34.4 (n.d.): 581-610. Social Sciences Citation Index. Web. 4 Oct. 2016.

The article above describes how the typical on campus student receives the resources and aid on campus that most off campus students do not have the opportunity to take advantage of. The factors described helped me to refine my thesis into resources that on campus students have versus off campus students do not, which affects their academic success and ultimately their retention rate, rather than what I mentioned in my second post about socioeconomic status.


Turley, RNL, and G Wodtke. "College Residence And Academic Performance: Who Benefits From Living On Campus?." Urban Education 45.4 (n.d.): 506-532. Social Sciences Citation Index. Web. 4 Oct. 2016.


This article is beneficial to my topic because it talks more specifically about what most articles don't mention about off campus living and how students that live on campus are not always as successful as it seems. This study also breaks down students based on their ethnicity, which is a running theme in the sources that I am reading, so I might have to zero in on a specific group based on the research. The article also discusses first year undergraduate students, which I will use instead of all undergraduate students because I feel like my thesis would have the biggest impact on first year students.

Yongyi, Wang, et al. "The Influence Of Residence Hall Community On Academic Success Of Male And Female Undergraduate Students." Journal Of College & University Student Housing 33.1 (2004): 16-22. Academic Search Premier. Web. 4 Oct. 2016.


This article was very interesting because it conducted a survey on the influence of a residence hall community based on male and female academic success. This pertains to my paper, because it helps to layout what positively and negatively affects students who choose to live in on campus housing. This article also brings up an interesting point about the different genders and how that affects the result of their study. 

Research Blog #2: Scouting the Territory

Referencing back to my previous post, I have decided to refine my topic to something more specified. Instead of just focusing on on-campus versus off-campus, I want to zero in on the socioeconomic status of students in reference to their choice of living and how that affects their involvement at the university. I feel like having a more directed focus will allow me to make a more specific claim and therefore, I will be able to delve deeper in my paper. 

While looking online, I was able to find a lot of sources on the effects of academic success and involvement based on off or on campus living. I was also able to find a lot of sources on how socioeconomic status affects students at the university as a whole. What stood out most to me was how first year retention was an indicator of the effects of on versus off campus housing. A key term that also came up throughout my research was integration which delved into how deeply students felt involved and connected to the university. A lot of the material I found came from pdf files from organizations or university research sites, which I would be able to pull some quotes from. 

In terms of scholarly articles, I was able to find a couple sources using the key terms "on versus off campus living." Although the search was a little broad, I was able to pick through the list and find some key articles that I can use for my thesis paper. On Google News, I could also find one or two articles using the same key words, as well as some using socioeconomic status affect students. Out of all the research, Google News gave me the least amount of material for my paper. 

One distinct source I found was from http://www.acuho-i.org/Portals/0/doc/res/EisenbergResearchNarrative.pdf (Exploring the Effects of Campus Residential Settings On Educational Outcomes) which talks about how socioeconomic factors affect a students choice in university through "selection biases" and goes in depth about the concept of integration and connectedness. It also describes the three mandates for students in a college setting and how it plays a role in whether a student lives on or off campus. At the end of the paper, it mentions other empirical studies that I would be able to research later for my topic.

Another source I found was from http://www.psy.gla.ac.uk/~steve/localed/docs/LukeTimmons.pdf (The Uncritical Commute: The Impact of Students' Living Situations While at University) and it talked about how a students living status (on versus off campus) affected their mental and social lives while at the university through empirical evidence and wellness tests. This article is interesting because it talks about the counterargument of the topic which is how off versus on campus doesn't directly affect students, but the factors involving their living condition does (living with friends versus parents, distance from class, major, etc.). I think this article is relevant because it will allow me to discuss the controversy behind my thesis. 

As mentioned in the comment above, the biggest counterargument to the topic of how on versus off campus housing (which is picked because of socioeconomic status) affects a students performance, is whether not it has a direct affect or rather, different factors create an effect instead. My argument will pertain to the direct correlation because of my experiences and stance on socioeconomic status.